To make 1 cup brown sugar:
1 cup granulated sugar
1 - 2 tablespoons molasses or cane syrup

To make 1 teaspoon baking powder:
1/2 teaspoon cream of tarter
1/4 teaspoon baking soda

To substitute 1 cup sour cream:
1 tablespoon lemon juice
evaporated milk to equal 1 cup

To substitute 1 (1 ounce) square unsweetened chocolate:
3 tablespoons cocoa powder
1 tablespoon butter or margarine

To substitute 1 teaspoon dry mustard:
1 tablespoon prepared mustard

To substitute allspice:
Use equal amount of ground cloves that is called for allspice.

To substitute currants:
Use equal amounts of chopped raisins that is called for currants

To substitute Mace:
Use equal amounts of nutmeg that is called for Mace

To make powdered sugar blend granulated sugar in blender.